Document summarization aims to create a precise and coherent summary of a text document. Many deep learning summarization models are developed mainly for English, often requiring a large training corpus and efficient pre-trained language models and tools. However, English summarization models for low-resource Indian languages are often limited by rich morphological variation, syntax, and semantic differences. In this paper, we propose GAE-ISumm, an unsupervised Indic summarization model that extracts summaries from text documents. In particular, our proposed model, GAE-ISumm uses Graph Autoencoder (GAE) to learn text representations and a document summary jointly. We also provide a manually-annotated Telugu summarization dataset TELSUM, to experiment with our model GAE-ISumm. Further, we experiment with the most publicly available Indian language summarization datasets to investigate the effectiveness of GAE-ISumm on other Indian languages. Our experiments of GAE-ISumm in seven languages make the following observations: (i) it is competitive or better than state-of-the-art results on all datasets, (ii) it reports benchmark results on TELSUM, and (iii) the inclusion of positional and cluster information in the proposed model improved the performance of summaries.

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .

Attention mechanisms form a core component of several successful deep learning architectures, and are based on one key idea: ''The output depends only on a small (but unknown) segment of the input.'' In several practical applications like image captioning and language translation, this is mostly true. In trained models with an attention mechanism, the outputs of an intermediate module that encodes the segment of input responsible for the output is often used as a way to peek into the `reasoning` of the network. We make such a notion more precise for a variant of the classification problem that we term selective dependence classification (SDC) when used with attention model architectures. Under such a setting, we demonstrate various error modes where an attention model can be accurate but fail to be interpretable, and show that such models do occur as a result of training. We illustrate various situations that can accentuate and mitigate this behaviour. Finally, we use our objective definition of interpretability for SDC tasks to evaluate a few attention model learning algorithms designed to encourage sparsity and demonstrate that these algorithms help improve interpretability.

Information overloading requires the need for summarizers to extract salient information from the text. Currently, there is an overload of dialogue data due to the rise of virtual communication platforms. The rise of Covid-19 has led people to rely on online communication platforms like Zoom, Slack, Microsoft Teams, Discord, etc. to conduct their company meetings. Instead of going through the entire meeting transcripts, people can use meeting summarizers to select useful data. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive surveys in the field of meeting summarizers. In this survey, we aim to cover recent meeting summarization techniques. Our survey offers a general overview of text summarization along with datasets and evaluation metrics for meeting summarization. We also provide the performance of each summarizer on a leaderboard. We conclude our survey with different challenges in this domain and potential research opportunities for future researchers.

The necessity of data driven decisions in healthcare strategy formulation is rapidly increasing. A reliable framework which helps identify factors impacting a Healthcare Provider Facility or a Hospital (from here on termed as Facility) Market Share is of key importance. This pilot study aims at developing a data driven Machine Learning - Regression framework which aids strategists in formulating key decisions to improve the Facilitys Market Share which in turn impacts in improving the quality of healthcare services. The US (United States) healthcare business is chosen for the study; and the data spanning across 60 key Facilities in Washington State and about 3 years of historical data is considered. In the current analysis Market Share is termed as the ratio of facility encounters to the total encounters among the group of potential competitor facilities. The current study proposes a novel two-pronged approach of competitor identification and regression approach to evaluate and predict market share, respectively. Leveraged model agnostic technique, SHAP, to quantify the relative importance of features impacting the market share. The proposed method to identify pool of competitors in current analysis, develops Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), feature level word vectors and evaluates the key connected components at facility level. This technique is robust since its data driven which minimizes the bias from empirical techniques. Post identifying the set of competitors among facilities, developed Regression model to predict the Market share. For relative quantification of features at a facility level, incorporated SHAP a model agnostic explainer. This helped to identify and rank the attributes at each facility which impacts the market share.

Explainability has been widely stated as a cornerstone of the responsible and trustworthy use of machine learning models. With the ubiquitous use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models expanding to risk-sensitive and safety-critical domains, many methods have been proposed to explain the decisions of these models. Recent years have also seen concerted efforts that have shown how such explanations can be distorted (attacked) by minor input perturbations. While there have been many surveys that review explainability methods themselves, there has been no effort hitherto to assimilate the different methods and metrics proposed to study the robustness of explanations of DNN models. In this work, we present a comprehensive survey of methods that study, understand, attack, and defend explanations of DNN models. We also present a detailed review of different metrics used to evaluate explanation methods, as well as describe attributional attack and defense methods. We conclude with lessons and take-aways for the community towards ensuring robust explanations of DNN model predictions.

不断增加的材料科学文章使得很难从已发表的文献中推断化学结构 - 培训关系。我们使用自然语言处理（NLP）方法从聚合物文献的摘要中自动提取材料属性数据。作为我们管道的组成部分，我们使用240万材料科学摘要培训了一种语言模型的材料，该材料模型在用作文本编码器时，在五分之三命名实体识别数据集中的其他基线模型都优于其他基线模型。使用此管道，我们在60小时内从约130,000个摘要中获得了约300,000个物质记录。分析了提取的数据，分析了各种应用，例如燃料电池，超级电容器和聚合物太阳能电池，以恢复非平凡的见解。通过我们的管道提取的数据可通过https://polymerscholar.org的Web平台提供，该数据可方便地定位摘要中记录的材料属性数据。这项工作证明了自动管道的可行性，该管道从已发布的文献开始，并以一组完整的提取物质属性信息结束。

批次归一化被广泛用于深度学习以使中间激活归一化。深层网络臭名昭著地增加了训练的复杂性，要​​求仔细的体重初始化，需要较低的学习率等。这些问题已通过批归一化解决（\ textbf {bn}）来解决，通过将激活的输入归功于零平均值和单位标准偏差。使培训过程的批归归量化部分显着加速了非常深网络的训练过程。一个新的研究领域正在进行研究\ textbf {bn}成功背后的确切理论解释。这些理论见解中的大多数试图通过将其对优化，体重量表不变性和正则化的影响来解释\ textbf {bn}的好处。尽管\ textbf {bn}在加速概括方面取得了不可否认的成功，但分析的差距将\ textbf {bn}与正则化参数的效果相关联。本文旨在通过\ textbf {bn}对正则化参数的数据依赖性自动调整，并具有分析证明。我们已将\ textbf {bn}提出为对非 - \ textbf {bn}权重的约束优化，通过该优化，我们通过它演示其数据统计信息依赖于正则化参数的自动调整。我们还为其在嘈杂的输入方案下的行为提供了分析证明，该方案揭示了正则化参数的信号与噪声调整。我们还通过MNIST数据集实验的经验结果证实了我们的主张。

在许多现实世界的背景下，成功的人类合作要求人类有效地将补充信息来源整合到AI信息的决策中。但是，实际上，人类决策者常常缺乏对AI模型与自己有关的信息的了解。关于如何有效沟通不可观察的指南，几乎没有可用的准则：可能影响结果但模型无法使用的功能。在这项工作中，我们进行了一项在线实验，以了解以及如何显式交流潜在相关的不可观念，从而影响人们在做出预测时如何整合模型输出和无法观察到的。我们的发现表明，提示有关不可观察的提示可以改变人类整合模型输出和不可观察的方式，但不一定会改善性能。此外，这些提示的影响可能会根据决策者的先前领域专业知识而有所不同。我们通过讨论对基于AI的决策支持工具的未来研究和设计的影响来结束。

在本文中，我们提出了一种机器学习方法来识别CAD网格模型中的孔，插槽等的工程形状特征。随着数字归档的出现，较新的制造技术，如3D打印，扫描组件和逆向工程，CAD数据以网格模型表示的形式增殖。由于网格模型的节点和边缘的数量变得更大以及存在噪声的存在，因此基于图形的方法的直接应用不仅是昂贵的，而且难以调整噪声数据。因此，这呼吁更新的方法为以网格形式表示的CAD模型的功能识别。在这里，我们表明，可分立版本的高斯地图可以用作特征学习的签名。我们表明这种方法不仅需要更少的内存要求，而且还需要训练时间更少。由于没有涉及网络架构，超级参数的数量很大，并且可以在更快的时间内调整。识别精度也非常类似于使用3D卷积神经网络（CNN）获得的精度，但在更小的运行时间和存储要求中。已经使用其他非网络的机器学习方法进行了比较，以表明我们的方法具有最高的精度。我们还显示了具有多个功能的CAD模型的识别结果以及从公共基准获得的复杂/交互功能。还证明了处理嘈杂数据的能力。